Uticaj tipa i sabijenosti zemljišta na prinos kukuruza

Abstract

Cilj ovoga rada bio je da se utvrdi prinos različitih hibrida kukuruza (Zea mays L.) u zavisnosti od tipa i sabijenosti zemljišta. Ogled je postavljen tokom 2016. i 2017. godine na teritoriji opštine Leskovac, na tri različita tipa zemljišta (aluvijum, smonica i parapodzol). U ogledu je bilo uključeno 9 hibrida kukuruza različitih FAO grupa zrenja (NS 4051, AGR DIAN, ZP 427, NS 5211, ZP 555, AS 534, NS 6030, ZP 666 i Bećar). Najveći prosečni prinosi dobijeni su na aluvijumu, potom parapodzolu, a najmanji na smonici. Najveći prosečan prinos za sve tipove zemljišta dobijen je gajenjem hibrida iz FAO grupe zrenja 500, a najmanji gajenjem hibrida iz FAO grupe zrenja 400. Na zemljištu tipa smonice, najveći prosečni prinos dobijen je gajenjem hibrida iz FAO grupa zrenja 500, na zemljištu tipa parapodzol gajenjem hibrida iz FAO grupe zrenja 400, a na zemljištu tipa aluvijum, gajenjem hibrida iz FAO grupe zrenja 600. Najveći prosečni prinos (11,90 t ha-1 ) dobijen je gajenjem hibrida ZP 666 na zemljištu tipa aluvijum, a najmanji (4,60 t ha-1 ) gajenjem hibrida NS 6030, na zemljištu tipa smonice. Najveća sabijenost zemljišta u orničnom sloju utvrđena je na smonici, potom na parapodzolu, a najmanja na aluvijumu. Ovi podaci o prosečnim prinosima govore o pogodnostima pojedinih tipova zemljišta za proizvodnju kukuruza i daju smernice proizvođačima za odabir najrodnijih hibrida koje žele gajiti na svojim njivama.

The goal of this paper was to determine the yield of different maize hybrids depending on soil type and compaction. The experiment was carried out in 2016 and 2017 on the territory of the Leskovac municipality, including three different soil types (alluvium, vertisol, and parapodzol). The experiment comprised nine hybrids of different FAO maturity groups (NS 4051, AGR DIAN, ZP 427, NS 5211, ZP 555, AS 534, NS 6030, ZP 666 and Bećar). The highest average yields were achieved on alluvium, then on parapodzol, and the lowest yields were obtained on vertisol. The highest average yields on all examined soil types were achieved in the FAO 500 maturity group, and the lowest in the FAO 400 maturity group. The highest average yield on vertisol was achieved in the FAO 500 maturity group, on parapodzol in the FAO 400 maturity group, and on alluvium in the FAO 600 maturity group. The highest average yield (11.90 t ha-1) was achieved with the ZP 666 hybrid on alluvium, and the lowest (4.60 t ha-1) with the NS 6030 hybrid on vertisol. The largest soil compaction in the ploughing layer was determined in vertisol, then in parapodzol, and the smallest in alluvium. These data on average yields indicate the convenience of certain soil types for maize production, and provide guidelines for growers to select the most yielding hybrids for their fields.